4 Table of Contents Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................................................6 I. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................. 11 a. Goals for the playbook.......................................................................................................................................... 12 b. Authors and Sources............................................................................................................................................. 12 II. Summary of the Problem and National Strategies................................................................................................. 13 a. Trends with `Alarming Consequences’. ................................................................................................................. 13 b. The Need for a Multidisciplinary Approach.......................................................................................................... 15 Common Threads.................................................................................................................................................. 16 c. Multidisciplinary Collaboration Requirements..................................................................................................... 17 Humanizing the Issues with Use Cases................................................................................................................. 18 III. The Role of Data in Decision-Making...................................................................................................................... 22 a. Information-Sharing Requirements across Disciplines......................................................................................... 22 b. Evidence of Program Success................................................................................................................................ 22 c. Gauging Outcomes across Disciplines and Jurisdictions....................................................................................... 23 d. Standards and Models that Can Help................................................................................................................... 23 e. Potential Funding.................................................................................................................................................. 24 The Plays (including Goals and Objectives, Theories of Change, Examples and Resources) ...................................... 27 1. Remove the stigma. ............................................................................................................................................... 27 2. Reduce the risk of developing an opioid use disorder......................................................................................... 29 3. Reduce the use of opioids for pain mitigation...................................................................................................... 32 4. Reduce the supply of opioids from illegitimate sources...................................................................................... 34 5. Improve and implement better prescription monitoring programs.................................................................... 36 6. Reduce the involvement of opioid users in the criminal justice system.............................................................. 38 7. Provide Medication-Assisted Treatment to Inmates............................................................................................ 41 8. Expand treatment programs after incarceration.................................................................................................. 43 9. Reduce the risk of opioid-based treatment.......................................................................................................... 45 10. Make provisions for safe disposal of unused opioids........................................................................................... 47 11. Encourage the use of non-opioid formulations for pain management. ............................................................... 48 Summary and Next Steps............................................................................................................................................. 49 Endnotes ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50